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Life Of Stars

We’ve learned about what happened for thefirst billion years or so in the history of the universe, which leaves us with lots ofstars and galaxies, and we are now equipped with the terminology needed to describe andcategorize these stars. But we still haven’t talked about all theother elements on the periodic table, we’ve only mentioned hydrogen and helium so far,so where did the rest come from? And what about all the planets and moons? How did those get here? The answer to all of these questions willmake sense once we learn more about what goes on inside a star, from the moment they areborn, to the time of their death. That’s right, stars actually die, so to speak, and the type of death, along with what’s left over, will be one of a variety of possibilities,depending entirely on the mass of the star. So let’s go through the lifetime of a few different kinds of stars, so that we are ready to understand the next 13 billion years ofdevel...

International Space Station

The Sun … the Moon … the planets… the stars… These natural phenomena have nurtured, guided and inspired life on Earth throughout the ages. Yet it wasn't until the beginning of the 20th century, when aerial technology gave birth to the airplane that humans acquired the technical capability to literally reach for the stars. Today, airplanes take us to altitudes of 30,000 feet, allowing us to fly above the clouds at nearly 600 miles per hour. Half way through the 20th century, we invented the technology to go even farther and the satellite era had begun. The first artificial satellites were launched to low Earth orbit, an area that extends to about 1,200 miles above Earth.The satellite era was destined to show the world that the sky could provide much more than intercontinental transportation and NASA was created.Today in the 21st century, over a thousand operating satellite's orbit planet Earth. They serve us daily with weather pr...

How does a blockchain technology work

Blockchains are incredibly popular nowadays. But what is a blockchain? How do they work, what problems do they solve and how can they be used? Like the name indicates, a blockchain is a chain of blocks that contains information. This technique was originally described in 1991 by a group of researchers and was originally intended to timestamp digital documents so that it’s not possible to backdate them or to tamper with them. Almost like a notary. However it went by mostly unused until it was adapted by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009 to create the digital cryptocurrency Bitcoin. A blockchain is a distributed ledger thatis completely open to anyone. They have an interesting property: once somedata has been recorded inside a blockchain, it becomes very difficult to change it. So how does that work? Well, let’s take a closer look at a block. Each block contains some data, the hash ofthe block and the hash of the previous block. The data t...

What are the reasons for earthquake

This should look familiar. It is our home. It is the planet Earth or it is a model of the planet Earth. And it shows us what we see. We see continents we see oceans it shows us that the Earth spins. But there is one thing that this model cannot show us. It cannot show us what is on the inside of the earth. I press on this and it is hollow. But through science we have discovered that the earth is not hollow. Through science we have discovered what is inside the earth. So what is inside the earth. Well when I look at my model. I see continents and ocean. But what you cannot see is underneath the continents and ocean is a crust. A crust that covers the whole earth. And underneath the crust is a warmer layer called the mantle. And then underneath the mantle is this hot inner core right at the center. So let us take a closer look inside the earth. Underneath all the continents and the ocean there is the crust and it is important to rem...

How Optical Fiber Works

Have you ever thought about how you get emails or the other information from any corner of the planet within a blink of an eye? This has been made possible by a network of cables which are laid under the ground and below the ocean. The cables which carry most of the world's data are glass fiber cables. they're also utilized in medical equipment. Let's find out how glass fiber cables work and the way they need revolutionized the world around us. the glass fiber cable is made from thousands of fiber strands. And one fiber strand as thin as a person's hair. Optical fibers carry information in the shape of sunshine. Let's first learn some fundamental behaviors of sunshine to know the workings of optical fibers. The speed of sunshine changes when it passes through a medium. And this alteration in speed is expressed by the index of refraction. This variation and therefore the speed of the sunshine results in another interesting phenomenon. Refraction, t...

Why Astronauts Wear Orange and White Spacesuits

Let’s chat about Space Fashion, shall we? The bright orange color astronauts wear To go out for launch is named International Orange, and it’s an equivalent shade because the paint that coats Tokyo Tower in Japan, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. However, once astronauts are in space, they swap orange for snow-white evening wear. (It’s always evening in space.)So what gives with the different colors? Well, there are actually two main types of spacesuits. The first one is the Advanced Crew Escape Suit, aka the "orange suit," aka the "pumpkin suit." Trick or treat! Astronauts wear this full-pressure suit during"lift-off". These spacesuits are crucial for those who are heading for super high altitudes. There, the pressure is so low that people can't survive without a special protective suit.. Anyway, the orange suit is equipped with different stuff that can help an astronaut to survive if something goes wrong during the lau...